Congenital Gastrointestinal Anomalies in Europe 2010–2019: A Geo-Spatiotemporal and Causal Inferential Study of Epidemiological Patterns in Relationship to Cannabis- and Substance Exposure

Introduction: Congenital anomalies (CA’s) of most the gastrointestinal tract have been linked causally with prenatal or community cannabis exposure. Therefore, we studied this relationship in Europe. Methods: CA data were from Eurocat. Drug-use sourced European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Income taken World Bank. Results: When countries increasing rates daily use compared those which not, overall rate CA’s (GCA’s) was higher former group (p = 0.0032). The five related to metrics exposure on bivariate analysis bile duct atresia, Hirschsprungs, digestive disorders, annular pancreas anorectal stenosis atresia. following sequence GCA’s significantly at inverse-probability-weighted-panel modelling, as indicated: esophageal small intestinal Hirschsprungs disease: p 1.83 × 10−5, 0.0046, 3.55 10−12, 7.35 10−6 2.00 respectively. GCA series considered geospatial cannabis-related 0.0003, N.S., 0.0086, 6.652 0.0002, 71.4% 35 E-value estimates 54.3% minimum E-values (mEVv’s) > 9 (high zone) 100% 97.1% 1.25 (causality threshold). order sensitivity by median mEVv atresia Conclusions: Seven eight fulfilled quantitative criteria epidemiologically causal relationships. Penetration cannabinoids into should be carefully scrutinized controlled protect against exponential multigenerational genotoxicity ensuing multiple cannabinoids.